V-HC-02 — finite slab, convective BC, Bi = 0.1

Tags: heat_conduction, convective_bc, biot_sweep

References:

  • Carslaw & Jaeger (1959) §3.11 (eigenfunction series)
  • FDS Verification Guide heat_conduction_a–d

Problem statement

0.1 m slab initially at Tᵢ = 300 K, convective front (T∞ = 500 K), adiabatic back, Bi = hL/k ∈ {0.1, 1, 10, 100} — four regimes from one definition: Bi = 0.1 is lumped-like (BC-dominated), Bi = 100 is surface-Dirichlet-like (interior-dominated). Exact eigenfunction series with eigencondition λₙ tan λₙ = Bi (exact/slab_series.jl).

Mesh mapping: adiabatic face is z = 0, so the series coordinate is x̃ = z/L. Comparison times are Fo = αt/L² ∈ {0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5}, all well above the 60-root series validity floor (Fo ≳ 1.1e-3).

Convergence spot check runs on the Bi = 10 member only (the mixed regime); the other three assert QoIs at the CI mesh.

V-HC-02a — finite slab, convective BC, Bi = 0.1

Quantities of interest (n = 320)

QoIvalueexacterrortolerancewithin tolprovenance
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.051.441e-051.441e-050.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.05304.9304.95.691e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.11.177e-051.177e-050.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.1306.9306.93.896e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.21.362e-051.362e-050.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.2309.7309.72.798e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.56.884e-066.884e-060.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.5315.6315.62.603e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K

V-HC-02a T_profiles

V-HC-02a T_profiles_error

V-HC-02a surface_T_history

V-HC-02a surface_T_history_error

V-HC-02a back_T_history

V-HC-02a back_T_history_error

V-HC-02a convergence

Comparison with other codes

The same case was solved with FDS 6.11.0 at 101 cells (Δx≈1 mm); decks, outputs, and run provenance are committed under test/verification/reference/. Each code's error against the same exact solution is drawn below on a log scale, muted gray behind this solver's series — the signed linear-scale panel above shows where the error lives, this one compares magnitudes across codes.

V-HC-02a T_profiles_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02a surface_T_history_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02a back_T_history_vs_codes_error

Wall times at every ladder rung against the reference runs. Resolutions and simulated spans differ where noted (details in reference/timings.csv), so cross-code timings are indicative rather than a controlled benchmark; rungs at a matched resolution are directly comparable.

V-HC-02a solve_time

Solution overlays including the other codes' points: Tprofilesvs_codes, surfaceThistoryvscodes, backThistoryvscodes.

Convergence

n_cellshwall (s)L2Linf
200.050.021720.002130.003479
400.0250.043010.00053250.000871
800.01250.10020.00013310.0002178
1010.0099010.088728.353e-050.0001367
1600.006250.13353.328e-055.446e-05
3200.0031250.26088.322e-061.362e-05

Observed order 2 (L2).

Solver configuration

settingvalue
integratorKenCarp4 (default)
abstol1.0e-12
reltol1.0e-10

V-HC-02b — finite slab, convective BC, Bi = 1.0

Quantities of interest (n = 320)

QoIvalueexacterrortolerancewithin tolprovenance
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.050.00015040.00015040.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.05341.9341.90.00027240.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.10.00012460.00012460.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.1355.3355.30.00013430.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.28.822e-058.822e-050.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.2371.3371.36.553e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.54.769e-054.769e-050.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.5399.1399.14.457e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K

V-HC-02b T_profiles

V-HC-02b T_profiles_error

V-HC-02b surface_T_history

V-HC-02b surface_T_history_error

V-HC-02b back_T_history

V-HC-02b back_T_history_error

V-HC-02b convergence

Comparison with other codes

The same case was solved with FDS 6.11.0 at 101 cells (Δx≈1 mm); decks, outputs, and run provenance are committed under test/verification/reference/. Each code's error against the same exact solution is drawn below on a log scale, muted gray behind this solver's series — the signed linear-scale panel above shows where the error lives, this one compares magnitudes across codes.

V-HC-02b T_profiles_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02b surface_T_history_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02b back_T_history_vs_codes_error

Wall times at every ladder rung against the reference runs. Resolutions and simulated spans differ where noted (details in reference/timings.csv), so cross-code timings are indicative rather than a controlled benchmark; rungs at a matched resolution are directly comparable.

V-HC-02b solve_time

Solution overlays including the other codes' points: Tprofilesvs_codes, surfaceThistoryvscodes, backThistoryvscodes.

Convergence

n_cellshwall (s)L2Linf
200.050.041080.014290.02246
400.0250.062460.0035720.005634
800.01250.20890.00089290.00141
1010.0099010.15220.00056020.0008851
1600.006250.24620.00022320.0003528
3200.0031250.48955.58e-058.822e-05

Observed order 2 (L2).

Solver configuration

settingvalue
integratorKenCarp4 (default)
abstol1.0e-12
reltol1.0e-10

V-HC-02c — finite slab, convective BC, Bi = 10.0

Quantities of interest (n = 320)

QoIvalueexacterrortolerancewithin tolprovenance
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.050.0011260.0011260.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.05453.5453.50.00030440.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.10.00059720.00059720.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.1465.9465.90.00014710.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.20.00027150.00027150.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.2475.5475.55.103e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.50.00022690.00022690.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.5487.1487.11.973e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K

V-HC-02c T_profiles

V-HC-02c T_profiles_error

V-HC-02c surface_T_history

V-HC-02c surface_T_history_error

V-HC-02c back_T_history

V-HC-02c back_T_history_error

V-HC-02c convergence

Comparison with other codes

The same case was solved with FDS 6.11.0 at 101 cells (Δx≈1 mm); decks, outputs, and run provenance are committed under test/verification/reference/. Each code's error against the same exact solution is drawn below on a log scale, muted gray behind this solver's series — the signed linear-scale panel above shows where the error lives, this one compares magnitudes across codes.

V-HC-02c T_profiles_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02c surface_T_history_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02c back_T_history_vs_codes_error

Wall times at every ladder rung against the reference runs. Resolutions and simulated spans differ where noted (details in reference/timings.csv), so cross-code timings are indicative rather than a controlled benchmark; rungs at a matched resolution are directly comparable.

V-HC-02c solve_time

Solution overlays including the other codes' points: Tprofilesvs_codes, surfaceThistoryvscodes, backThistoryvscodes.

Convergence

n_cellshwall (s)L2Linf
200.050.038430.052080.06959
400.0250.077930.0130.01738
800.01251.1790.003250.004345
1010.0099010.18020.0020390.002726
1600.006250.31170.00081240.001086
3200.0031250.69120.00020310.0002715

Observed order 2.001 (L2), expected 2.0.

Solver configuration

settingvalue
integratorKenCarp4 (default)
abstol1.0e-12
reltol1.0e-10

V-HC-02d — finite slab, convective BC, Bi = 100.0

Quantities of interest (n = 320)

QoIvalueexacterrortolerancewithin tolprovenance
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.050.0012750.0012750.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.054954956.105e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.10.00062560.00062560.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.1496.4496.42.152e-050.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.20.00028110.00028110.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.2497.5497.56.205e-060.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K
L∞ T-profile error, Fo=0.50.00025590.00025590.06yesobserved max per Bi: 2.3e-4 (0.1), 2.4e-3 (1), 1.8e-2 (10), 2.0e-2 (100) K
surface temperature, Fo=0.5498.8498.82.813e-060.015yesfront face from the surface Newton solve vs series at x̃=1; observed max per Bi: 9.2e-4 (0.1), 4.4e-3 (1), 4.9e-3 (10), 9.8e-4 (100) K

V-HC-02d T_profiles

V-HC-02d T_profiles_error

V-HC-02d surface_T_history

V-HC-02d surface_T_history_error

V-HC-02d back_T_history

V-HC-02d back_T_history_error

V-HC-02d convergence

Comparison with other codes

The same case was solved with FDS 6.11.0 at 101 cells (Δx≈1 mm); decks, outputs, and run provenance are committed under test/verification/reference/. Each code's error against the same exact solution is drawn below on a log scale, muted gray behind this solver's series — the signed linear-scale panel above shows where the error lives, this one compares magnitudes across codes.

V-HC-02d T_profiles_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02d surface_T_history_vs_codes_error

V-HC-02d back_T_history_vs_codes_error

Wall times at every ladder rung against the reference runs. Resolutions and simulated spans differ where noted (details in reference/timings.csv), so cross-code timings are indicative rather than a controlled benchmark; rungs at a matched resolution are directly comparable.

V-HC-02d solve_time

Solution overlays including the other codes' points: Tprofilesvs_codes, surfaceThistoryvscodes, backThistoryvscodes.

Convergence

n_cellshwall (s)L2Linf
200.050.043310.05780.07198
400.0250.088780.014440.01799
800.01250.19350.0036090.004497
1010.0099010.25330.0022640.002822
1600.006250.37460.00090230.001124
3200.0031250.73830.00022560.0002811

Observed order 2 (L2).

Solver configuration

settingvalue
integratorKenCarp4 (default)
abstol1.0e-12
reltol1.0e-10